It is understood the owner was unable to recall or reach the animal and called police themselves.
Lisa Taylor, Fife Council safer communities lead officer, confirmed: “Action has been taken under the Control of Dogs (Scotland) Act.”
The legislation allows for dog control notices to be served where it is considered a dog has been out of control.
Scottish SPCA officers launched a dinghy in an attempt to rescue the swan but it died from its injuries shortly after.
The animal welfare charity said the incident was a stark reminder of the need for dog owners to take extra care around swans and to put their pets on a lead around frozen water.